The drum is a known member of the percussion group of musical equipment. Within the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone.[1] Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drum or drumhead pores and skin, that is extended over the shell and struck, either directly with the player's hands, or with a drum keep, to produce sound. There is generally a resonance head on the underside of the drum, typically tuned to a just a bit lower pitch than the very best drumhead. Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the thumb roll. Drums are the world's oldest & most ubiquitous musical equipment, and the basic design has remained unchanged for thousands of years virtually.[1]Drums may singularly be played out, with the ball player using a one drum, and some drums such as the djembe are almost always played in this way. Others are played in a couple of two or more normally, all played by the main one player, such as bongo timpani and drums. A number of different drums together with cymbals form the basic modern drum kit.
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Drums are usually played out by dazzling with the hands, or with one or two sticks. In many traditional civilizations, drums have a symbolic function and are used in religious ceremonies. Drums are used in music therapy often, especially hand drums, because of their tactile characteristics and easy use by a wide variety of people.[2]In popular jazz and music, "drums" usually refers to a drum set or a set of drums (with some cymbals), and "drummer" to the individual who takes on them.Drums obtained even divine status in places such as Burundi, where the karyenda was symbolic of the incurred vitality of the king.Construction[edit]Drum carried by John Unger, Company B, 40th Regiment NY Veteran Volunteer Infantry Mozart Regiment, December 20, 1863The shell almost has a round beginning over which the drumhead is stretched invariably, but the form of the remainder of the shell differs widely. In the western musical tradition, the most regular condition is a cylinder, although timpani, for example, use bowl-shaped shells.[1] Other shapes include a framework design (tar, Bodhr?n), truncated cones (bongo drums, Ashiko), goblet shaped (djembe), and joined truncated cones (chatting drum).Drums with cylindrical shells can most probably at one end (as is the truth with timbales), or can have two drum mind. Single-headed drums typically consist of a skin area extended over an enclosed space, or over one of the ends of your hollow vessel. Drums with two mind covering both ends of a cylindrical shell frequently have a small gap somewhat halfway between the two heads; the shell varieties a resonating chamber for the resulting sound. Exceptions include the African slit drum, also called a log drum as it is made from a hollowed-out tree trunk, and the Caribbean material drum, made from a metal barrel. Drums with two minds can likewise have a couple of wires, called snares, presented across the bottom head, top head, or both relative heads, the name snare drum hence.[1]
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On modern group and orchestral drums, the drumhead is placed over the opening of the drum, which in turn is held onto the shell by way of a "counterhoop" (or "rim"), which is then organised by means of a number of tuning screws called "tension rods" that screw into lugs positioned evenly throughout the circumference. The head's tension can be modified by loosening or tightening the rods. Many such drums have six to ten anxiety rods. The audio of a drum depends on many variables--including form, shell size and thickness, shell materials, counterhoop materials, drumhead materials, drumhead pressure, drum position, location, and striking speed and position.[1]
Prior to the technology of tension rods, drum skins were attached and tuned by rope systems--as on the Djembe--or pegs and ropes such as on Ewe Drums. Today these methods are rarely used, though seem on regimental marching strap snare drums sometimes.[1] The head of your talking drum, for example, can be temporarily tightened by squeezing the ropes that connect the top and bottom heads. Similarly, the tabla is tuned by hammering a disc held in place about the drum by ropes stretching from the very best to bottom head. Orchestral timpani can be tuned to precise pitches by using a foot pedal quickly.Sound of an drum[edit]Several American Indian-style drums for sale at the National Museum of the North american Indian.Several factors determine the audio a drum produces, including the type, shape and construction of the drum shell, the type of drum heads it offers, and the tension of the drumheads. Different drum tones have different uses in music. Take, for example, the present day Tom-tom drum. A jazz drummer may want drums that are high pitched, resonant and calm whereas a rock drummer may choose drums that are noisy, dry and low-pitched. Since these drummers want different sounds, their drums are constructed a little differently.The drum head has the most effect on how a drum noises. Each type of drum mind serves its musical goal and has its unique audio. Double-ply drumheads dampen high occurrence harmonics because they're heavier and they are suited to heavy performing.[3] Drum minds with a white, textured finish on them muffle the overtones of the drum mind slightly, producing a less diverse pitch. Drum heads with central silver precious metal or black dots tend to muffle the overtones even more. And drum heads with perimeter audio rings mostly eliminate overtones (Howie 2005). Some jazz drummers avoid using thick drum heads, preferring one ply drum mind or drum mind without muffling
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The next biggest factor that affects drum audio is head pressure against the shell. When the hoop is located around the drum shell and head and tightened down with tension rods, the strain of the head can be altered. When the tension is increased, the amplitude of the sound is reduced and the occurrence is increased, making the pitch higher and the quantity lower.
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