The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical devices. Within the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone.[1] Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum epidermis, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either immediately with the player's hands, or with a drum keep, to produce audio. There's a resonance head on the underside of the drum usually, typically tuned to a somewhat lower pitch than the top drumhead. Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the thumb roll. Drums are the world's oldest & most ubiquitous musical musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years.[1]Drums may separately be enjoyed, with the ball player using a solitary drum, and some drums such as the djembe are almost played in this way always. Others are usually played in a couple of two or more, all played by the one player, such as bongo timpani and drums. A number of different drums as well as cymbals form the basic modern drum kit.
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Drums are performed by attractive with the hands usually, or with a couple of sticks. In lots of traditional cultures, drums have a symbolic function and are being used in religious ceremonies. Drums are often used in music therapy, especially hand drums, for their tactile aspect and easy use by a wide variety of people.[2]In popular music and jazz, "drums" usually refers to a drum package or a couple of drums (with some cymbals), and "drummer" to the person who takes on them.Drums acquired even divine status in places such as Burundi, where in fact the karyenda was a symbol of the incurred electric power of the king.Construction[edit]Drum taken by John Unger, Company B, 40th Regiment New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Mozart Regiment, 20 december, 1863The shell almost invariably has a round opening over which the drumhead is extended, but the shape of the rest of the shell can vary widely. In the western musical traditions, the most common shape is a cylinder, although timpani, for example, use bowl-shaped shells.[1] Other patterns include a body design (tar, Bodhr?n), truncated cones (bongo drums, Ashiko), goblet molded (djembe), and joined truncated cones (speaking drum).Drums with cylindrical shells can be open at one end (as is the case with timbales), or can have two drum mind. Single-headed drums typically contain a skin stretched over a specific space, or over one of the ends of the hollow vessel. Drums with two minds covering both ends of the cylindrical shell often have a small opening somewhat halfway between the two heads; the shell varieties a resonating chamber for the ensuing sound. Exceptions are the African slit drum, also called a log drum as it is manufactured out of a hollowed-out tree trunk, and the Caribbean metal drum, made from a material barrel. Drums with two mind can also have a couple of wires, called snares, performed across the bottom level head, top mind, or both relative heads, hence the name snare drum.[1]
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On modern band and orchestral drums, the drumhead is placed over the opening of the drum, which is held onto the shell by a "counterhoop" (or "rim"), which is then presented through a number of tuning screws called "tension rods" that screw into lugs located evenly around the circumference. The head's anxiety can be fine-tuned by loosening or tightening up the rods. Many such drums have six to ten stress rods. The audio of any drum depends on many variables--including form, shell size and thickness, shell materials, counterhoop material, drumhead materials, drumhead tension, drum position, location, and dazzling velocity and viewpoint.[1]
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Before the invention of anxiety rods, drum skins were fastened and tuned by rope systems--as on the Djembe--or pegs and ropes such as on Ewe Drums. These methods are rarely used today, though seem on regimental marching strap snare drums sometimes.[1] The top of a talking drum, for example, can be temporarily tightened by squeezing the ropes that hook up the bottom and top heads. Similarly, the tabla is tuned by hammering a disc held set up across the drum by ropes stretching from the top to bottom head. Orchestral timpani can be quickly tuned to precise pitches by utilizing a foot pedal.Sound of the drum[edit]Several North american Indian-style drums on the market at the Country wide Museum of the North american Indian.Several factors determine the audio a drum produces, like the type, construction and condition of the drum shell, the type of drum heads they have, and the tension of the drumheads. Different drum tones have different uses in music. Take, for example, the present day Tom-tom drum. A jazz drummer might want drums that are high pitched, resonant and noiseless whereas a rock drummer might favor drums that are loud, dry and low-pitched. Since these drummers want different sounds, their drums are constructed a little differently.The drum brain gets the most effect on how a drum sounds. Each type of drum brain serves its own musical purpose and has its own unique sound. Double-ply drumheads dampen high rate of recurrence harmonics because they are heavier and they are suited to heavy learning.[3] Drum minds with a white, textured covering on them muffle the overtones of the drum brain slightly, producing a less diverse pitch. Drum heads with central gold or black dots have a tendency to muffle the overtones even more. And drum mind with perimeter audio rings usually eliminate overtones (Howie 2005). Some jazz drummers stay away from thick drum minds, preferring one ply drum minds or drum minds with no muffling
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The second biggest factor that affects drum sound is head anxiety resistant to the shell. When the hoop is put around the drum shell and head and tightened down with tension rods, the tension of the head can be modified. When the strain is increased, the amplitude of the audio is reduced and the frequency is increased, making the pitch higher and the volume lower.
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